Steam-engine.



S. ROSENZWEIG.-

. STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION man 920.5. 191e.

PatentedSQpt. 1l, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET Juve 1 x fotv v/ SN; alternan S. ROSENZWEIG.

STEAM ENGINE. APPLIcMmN man Dems. 191e.

Lg@ Pa-ndsept. 11, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l, I ib 1 1 L A:

l I @Houma SBBO'SENZNEIG,

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLIcMmse man Dias. 1916.

Patemmpt. 1i, 1.9i?.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3. Y

i 1 i @Nonnen SIEGFRIED ROSENZWEIG, F VNlllll YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept.. lili, ilgvli.

Application led December 5, 1916. Serial No. 135,112.

` To ali whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, SIEGFRIED RosENzWnrG residing in New York city, inthe county an State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Steam-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to uniiiow engines having a central main exhaustport in the steam cylinder wall uncovered by the piston toward the endof the expansion stroke, and auxiliary exhaust ports and mechanicallyoperated controlling valves therefor through which steam escapes, afterthe main exhaust has been closed by the piston, with a view to regulateand control the compression.

The object of my invention is to provide a. simple and efficient meansof adjusting the auxiliary exhaust valves to regulate and control thecompression as desired, whether for ondensing or non-condensing Work. Tothis end I operate the auxiliary exhaust valves by means of cams drivenfrom and revolving in unison with a rotating side shaft, preferablydirectly geared to and driven by the engine crank shaft as set forth inmy Letters atent No. 1,059,567 With reference to the exhaust valvecam-operating mechanism therein illustrated; these auxiliary-exhaustvalve operating-cams I make rotatably shiftable relatively to theiroperating shaft to the extreme limit in either direction required forcondensing and non-condensing Work respectively; and I combine with thethus-rotatably shiftable cams mechanical hand-operated means by whichsaid cams may be adj usted, whether the engine be in motion or at rest,to any point betweenthese limits in arder to vary the compression asdesired whether working condensing or non-condensing.

To enable others skilled in theu art to make and use my invention, Iwill no W proceed to describe the manner in which the same is, or maybe, carried into practical effect by reference to the accompanyingdrawings Iforming part of this speciiication in which- Figure l is aside elevation of so much of a uniiow engine as needed to explain myinvention-the connections of the governor shaft 4 with the main engineor crank shaft being diagrammatically indicated, and the side of thesteam cylinder being broken away to expose the steam piston therein.

Fig. Q is a cross section on somewhat enlarged scale on line 2 2 Fig. 1.In this ure the. steam inlet valve operating 'tappet and the auxiliaryexhaust valve operating ca m are shown in elevation; and the handoperated device for adjusting the auxiliary exhaust'valve operating camis omitted7 as also is the steam piston.

Figs. 3 and #l are' on a larger scale, and are designed merely toexhibit the structural, details of the means tor adjusting the auxiliaryexhaust valve operating cams.

Fig. 3 is an axial section, partly in elevation, of the end portion ofthe governor shaft i to which the adjusting means and operat ing handleare applied, together with one of the auxiliary exhaust cams, and thebonnet for said cam.

Fig. l is a cross section on line 4 4 Fig.

Fig. 5 is a vertical axial section, partly in elevation, of the governorshaft andA auxiliary exhaust valve operating cams, illustrative of amodification of the hand operated means for adjusting said cams.

Fig. (l. is a longitudinal section on line 6--6 Fig. 5, the spiral slotsbeing diagrammatically represented as straight.

Fig. 7 is an axial section illustrative ot a further modification.

Fig. 8 is a section on line8--8 Fig. 7.

In the drawings l are the bonnets for the tappets on the rock shaft 9,for operating the two steam inlet valves l0 located-at opposite ends ofthe steam cylinder 6 and controlling the steam inlet ports 9, saidbonnets being on the outer ends of the housings for the inlet valvestems; 3 is the eccentric strap and its connecting rod through whichmotion is imparted from the eccentric ou the governor shaft 4 to therock shaft E2: 5 is a centrifugal governor mounted on the shait l andconnected in the usual way to the eccentric; 2:5 are the bonnets for thecams A for operating the two auxiliary exhaust valves 12, which arelocated at opposite ends of the steam cylinder and control the auxiliaryvalve ports 11, said cams being mounted upon and revolving with atubular extension S of the governor shaft 4, said shaft in practiceextending back to the engine crank shaft 15 and being driven from thesame by gearing 16, 16. as indicated diagrammatically in liig. 1, andshown and described in my Letters Patent No. 1,059,567 hereinbeforereferred to; 18 are the main exhaust ports and passages locatedcentrally between the ends of the steam cylinder and controlled by thereciprocating steam piston 7; 14 are the ducts leading from theauxiliary exhaust ports and passages to the main exhaust passages 18.

The governor shaft 4 is in a line parallel with the horizontal axis ofthe cylinder, and the auxiliary exhaust valves are located and move`inthe horizontal plane of that axis, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Theextended portion S of the governor shaft .4 on which the two auxiliaryexhaust valve operating cams A are mounted passes through and takes itsbearings in the bon nets 8, and each cam A is contained in its ownbonnet, as in my aforesaid Letters Patent. Each cam A is restrained frommovement lengthwise on its shaft by' suitable means, in this instance bythe cheeks of its bonnet 8 as seen in Fig. 3; but while compelled torotate with said shaft,vit is' rotatably shiftable thereon to adjust its'relation f to the stroke of the engine, with a view to varyino'r thecompression as desired. To this end I orm in the huh of the cam a slota, or rather two symmetrically arranged and diametrically opposite slotsa, which extend lengthwise of and at an inclination to the axis of thehub. Similarly, I form in the shaft 4, which is hollow at least for thatportion S of its length devoted to the cams A, diametrically oppositestraight slots b extending lengthwise of the shaft and in the plane ofthe axis thereof. The inclined slot a on the opposite side of the hubfrom the inclined slot a shown in full lines is represented in dottedlines in Fig. 3, it of course appearing, as thus located, inclined inthe opposite direction from its fellow-inclined slot. Extendingdiametrically through the shaft t is a cross pin e "hich projectsat itsends through the straight sllts o in the shaft into the inclined slots(L in the lhub of the cam A. Manifestly, if the pin e by suitable meansis pulled in one direction or the other in the shaft, the cam A will becorrespondingly rotatably shifted thereon in one direction or the otheraccording to the direction of movement of the pin, and for a distancedetermined by the extent of longitudinal travel of the pin in the slotsb in the nase, as

exhaust cam tonnet 8 farthest removed from the steam inlet valveoperating eccentric and valve gear. An operating stem e enters the exension S from this end of it, and extends therethrough far enouglrtoreacheach one of the two cams. At each of these points the stem e isenlarged to form a cylindrical head C of such size and proportions as tofit the ore of the extension S and be slidable therein, the latterfurnishing an accurate bearing and guide for the thus-movable stem. Ineach one of the heads f is secured a cross pin c like that alreadyreferred to, which extends crosswise of and diametrically through thehead f and its ends engage the slots a, b, in the cam hub and shaftrespectively as hereinbefore described.

To the end of the bonnet 8 through which the open end of tubularextension S projects, issecured a cap g. lVithin the open end vof thesame thus covered by the cap g is a cylindrical coupling box it whichfits and 'is free to both rotate and slide lengthwise therein. Thecoupling box contains the abutting cylindrical headse2-and t" of thestem e andda screw spindle e'. respectively, which fit the cylindricalinterior of the coupling box. The screw spindle z' passes 4through andengages an internally screw threaded nut k extending through andsupported in a bearing in the outer end of the cap g in which it iscapable of rotary movement only as shown. Ou the screw spindle z' is aradially projecting pin Z which enters a guide slot m formed in landlengthwise of the cap, and-on the nut le is mounted a hand wheel ln. foroperating the same. When the nut ,7c is rotated by the hand wheel n, thescrew spindle will be moved lengthwise only without rotation, thus,througlh the coupling box `It, imparting correspomA to the operatingstein e. In th's way, whether the engine be,I in motion or at rest, theauxiliary exhaust valve operatingcams Auboth of them-. can at any timebe readily and surely and simultaneously adjusted by hand to vary theirposition upon their shaft 4 as desired.

In the form of hand operated adjusting means just described, each cam Ahas its own individual connection with the operating stem, e, viz: thecross pin @,the pair of llf) ing movement spiral inclined slots a in thehfnb of the cam and the pair of straight slots b' in the tubui larextension S of the governor shaft 4. In

Figs. 5 and 6 is represented a modification wherein the tubularextension of the governor shaft 4 on which the cams A are mounted,designated S in said figures, is made separate from the governor shaft dfor a purpose which will be presently described, although connectedtherewith in such' inanner that the two will always revolve in unison,just as the governor sha-ft 4 andeits tubular extension S inthepreceding figures.

The two cams A are mounted on and rigidly fastened to the governor shafteXten-` sion S', which extendslbetween and takes its hearings in thebonnets 8 of said cams, in which bearings said tubular extension S isfree to revolve while restrained from longitudinal movement by thebearings l? for said tubular extension S in the bonnet 8 at 'the far endof the steam cylinder', between sion S is made hollow for this purpose.'

The stem e engages the shaft 4 by means of a feather key 18 in thetubular end of the shaft 4 which enters a corresponding longitudinalgroove in the stemef, thus forcing the stem to revolve with the maingovernor shaft 4 while permitting its lengthwise movement independentlyof said shaft, and said stem engages the tubular shaft eXtension Sthrough the intermediary of a cross pin c which extends diametricallythrough the head f of the stem into and through spiral slots a in thesaid tubular shaft eX- tension S', thus compelling the latter to revolvein unison with the stem c', and consequently with the main governorshaft i.

lThe feather key and groove connection of the, stem c with the mainshaft i is to allow the stem to be capable of a sliding lengthwisemovement relatively to said shaft and its'extension S, and said featherkey and groove connection is typical of any suitable connection betweensaid stem and rotary shaft which will permit independeht iengthwisesliding movement of the stein while compelling it to revolve with theshaft; and. the engagement of the ends of the cross pin c with the pairof spiral slots a. in the tubular shaft extension S is for the purposeof efiecting partial rotation of the latter when the stem is movedlengthwise, inv order to rotatably adjust the cams A as desired,premesses Connection between 'the main ,shaft d.

en tra ciselyl asin the preceding figures save that 1n Fig. 3 the spiralslots are formed in the hubs of :the cams A which are loose on the shaftextension S, while in Fig. 4: the cams are fast on the shaft extension Sand the spiral slots are formed in said extension.

In order to thus operate the stem c, the ends of the cross pin c in thehead j of said stein project through and beyond the .spiral slots c, andenter andare made fast to a coupling ring C which closely encircles thetubular extension S, and has a slidable connection therewith bothrotatably on and lengthwise of the same. Movement of the coupling'ringlengthwise the tubular er;- tensiony S will produce correspondingmovement of the stem, and thus through the in termediary of the crosspin c" and the spiral slots c imparting to the said tubular enten'- sionS the movement of axial rotation requisite to adjust the cams thereon tothe desired position. Various means for thus operating the coupling ringC can be employed. ln this instance l provide an adjusting sleeve Dwhich encireles while not contacting with the extension and is eX-ternally screw threaded as shown to engage the corresponding internallyscrew threaded yhousing E attached tothe adjoining bonnet S-the part Efurnishing a support and bearing for the adjusting sleeve D in whichsaid sleeve can be screwed back and forth.

The outer end of the coupling sleeve is provided with a hand vwheel forthus operating it; and at the point where the coupling sleeve passesaround the couplingl ring C it is provided with parallel annularshoulders 21 between which said coupling ring is received and by whichit is compelled to f0llow the lengthwise movement of the screw threadedadjusting sleeve, as will be understood without further explanation. Thegeneral mode of operation of the two forms of hand operated adjustingdevice shown in Figs. 3, 4L, and 5, 6, respectively, is the same. lprefer on the whole for practical purposes the modiiied form lastreferred to.

The spiral slots are typical of spiral channels which may extendentirely through the shell of the tubular part in which they areformed`v or only part way through said shell from the inside thereof;and there may he more than two of said spiral channels, so numerousindeed as to form in eii'ect an internally screw threaded tubularsection of low pitch, engaged by corresponding peripheral pins or othersuitable proicctions on the operating` stem. Such a modification isrepresented in Fi 7 and 8, where the channelsl i s. The stein shouldhave the same sliding portion `leather key and groove connection withthe governor shaft 4 as in Fig. 5. inasmuch, however, as the ends of thecross pins c do not project to the outside, the hand operated means ofFig. 5 for moving the stem e in and lengthwise or' the tubular extensionS cannot be employedi Dand in lieu thereof the stem should eXtendthrough the tubular ex tension S to the bonnet 8 (Fig. 5) through whichthe open endl of jects, and should there he coupled to a hand operateddevice such as represented in Fig. 3, as will he understood Withoutfurther planation.

The tivo cams A being at opposite ends of the steam cylinder7 anddesigned to operate groove a2 is of a size to fit and take a. bearing inthe internally thickened ith."

on correspondingly located valves, are et" i course set on the shaft ain a position dianietrically .opposite to one another so that each willoperate its own auxiliary-exhaustvalve at the proper time, as will beunderstood without further explanation. It will also be understood thatthese auxiliary-exhaust-valve operating cams are not controlled in anymanner by the action of the governor mechanism 5, but that they revelvealways in their' proper relation to the revolution of the crank shaft oithe engine from which the shaft iltakcsjts motion-- said shaft makingone revolution for each revolution of the engine crank shaft7 or inother Words, for cach complete rcciprocation of the steam piston.

Assume that the piston, as is the practice in unilo sv engines, uncoversthe central main exhaust ports in the cylinder near the end of itsAexpansion stroke, say 10% heitere it reaches dead center; and assumethat it he desired to obtain a range ot' compression variable betweenand 15% appresi- 1nately-70'} for condensing' work, 15% fornon-condensing `workand that the spiral channels are of such length andpitch that when the cross pin c is at one end of the channels the earnsWill "ce so shifted as to open their valves say 8% heitere dead center,or after the piston on its expansion stroke has uncovered the centralexhaust ports, and when the pin is at the opposite end of the channelsthe cams will he shifted around in the opposite direction to a positionin which each will open its valve 8% after dead center or before thecentral exhaust ports are closed hy the piston on its return stroke.

ln these circumstances and under 'these conditions.l let the cams forcondensing` Werl; be rotatably shifted by the hand operated means to aposition where each will operate to open the auxiliary valve controlledby it about 8% before dead center, or afterthe piston on its expansionstroke has uncovered said extension proand by Way of Lessines thecentral exhaust ports, and let the earns he of such shape and dimensionsthat when thus positioned they will close their valves 30% after deadcenter. Under these conditions the engine will operate with 70%compression; a compression which on the whole is considered, the mostdesirable in uniiow engines operating condensing.

Taking the other entren-1e, and operating non-condensing or with backpressure, the earns A should be shifted around so that theauXiliary-eXhaust-valves Will open at about 8% after dead center or at atime before the central exhaust ports are covered hy the pis ton on itsreturn stroke; tions (the shape and dimensions of the cams of courseremaining unchanged) the thuis opened anniliary-enhaust-valve will closeabout i505 before the .piston reaches the other dead center. l

rlhe figures given are merely arbitrary 'llustratiom and can he variedby changing the shape and. dimensions of the cam. But believe the valuesmentioned to be the most desirable for praetieal Work.

Under this arrangement 'it will he noted that in all cases., and 'ivither Workingconn (lensing or iioircoindensing, the auxiliary exhaustvalve is opened for the saine fined period of time and in thus openingalways has the saine lift-the lift of the valve and the period. o1 timeduringr which it remains open being lined and invarialhlevt dependingupon the form and dimensions of its operating cam. The opening movementof the auxiliary exhaust valve always takes place While the main exhaustis open, and it remains open until after the main exhaust has rlose'd;and the ing;l of said auxiliary exhaust valvethat is to say, the period,or length of time, it Ywill remain open after the main exhaust eloses--1will vary with the time of opening of the anlziliary osha closing oi tn enhanst, increasingl tn the approach or the 'time of opening of theauxiliary exhaust valve to that of the' ing' of the main exhaust, andvice versa.1 this variation being dependent upon and `mx-erned by therotary adjustment of the operatingl cai-n upon its driving4 shaft.

The result oi this arrangement is that the beginning;- of the eiieetiveopen perifd of the auxiliary exhaust valve is always coin i valverelatively to the sident with the closingf of the main exhaust,

and therefore always takes place at solisten` tially the samepoint inthe return stroke oi: the steam pistonvf' nie the length of periodoisaid eiiective opening Nvivili ve v with the rotary shifting oftheoperatinlf/g driving cani upon, orl with reij'er'ence to, .its shart.

In this wey, hy the' use of operating. canin under these condiperiod ofthe effective open- Gil Lesesaa- 'rotating in unison with the enginecrank shaft, and acting directly upon the auxiliary' exhaust valves, Iobtain the same advantageous result in the way of capacity to varyreadily and at will the compression according 'to the cut-0E of theengine in order to get the most economical operation and secure the bestresults, that I do by the use of an adjustable driving eccentric actingupon the auxiliary exhaust valves through the intermediary of suitablevalveA gear, as described and claimed in my application Serial No.114,438 filed August 11, 1916, on which Letters Patent No. 1,232,093were issued to me on July 3, 1917, with the added advantage of the widerange of rotary adjustment of the cams, which permits them to be readilyset for either condensing or non-condensing work as desired, with thesame capacity for variable adjustment within predetermined limits ineach case.

rfhus .it will be seen that under my invention the compression can bevaried between any predetermined limits-say from as theorie extreme to15% as the other extreme-and e urally can be given any in termediatevalue desired between those two extremes; and that this result issimply7 and effectively obtained by the combination hereinbefore setforth of the rotating shaft and auxiliary-exilaust-valve operating camsdriven from and revolving in unison with said shaft but rotatablyshiftable relatively thereto, and hand operated mechanical rmeans forthus shifting said cams within the predetermined limits of said shiftingmovement and holding them in their thus-adiusted position, whether theengine be in motion or at rest-and this I believe to be new with mebeyond the particular structural embodiment of the same herein shown;

and described.

I therefore do not restrict myself narrowly to the structural detailshereinbefore shown and described in illustration of the inventionsubject of. my claim; but what I claim as new and desire to secure byLet ters Patent, is as follows:

1. .In a uniiow engine of the character described, the combination withthe engine crank shaft, the steam cylinder and piston, and the steamadmission, cut-off, and main exhaust instrumentalitics, of auxiliaryexhaust ports and controlling valves therefor; a rotary shaftindependent of the steam admission and cut-off instrumentalities anddriven from and revolving in unison with the engine crank shaft;auxiliary-exhaustvalve operating cams driven from and revolving inunison with said rotary shaft,-

acting to open the auxiliary-cxhaust-valves always before the mainexhaust closes, and to hold them open always for the same absoluteperiod of time, said cams being rotatably shiftable with reference totheir driving shaft to vary the time of opening of theauxiliary-exhaust-valves relatively to that of closing of the mainexhaust, whereby while the beginning of the effective open period of theauxiliary exhaust is always coincident with the 'closing of the mainexhaust and therefore takes place always at substantially the same pointin the return stroke of the steam piston, the length of said effectiveopen period will vary with and depend upon the rotary adjustment of saidoperating cams with reference to their driving shaft; and means forthus-adjusting said cams.

Q. In a uniflow engine of the character described, the combination withthe engine crank shafttthey steam cylinder and piston, and the steamadmission, cut-off and main exhaust instrumentalities, of auxiliaryexhaust ports and controlling valves therefor; a rotary shaft,independent of the steam admission and cutoff instrumentalities anddriven from and revolving in unison with the engine crank shaft;auxiliary-exhaustvalve operating cams, driven fromV and re* volving inunison with said rotary shaft,

acting to open.the auxiliary-exhaust-valvesA always before the mainexhaust closes and to hold them open always for the same absolute periodof time, said cams being rotatably shiftable with reference to theirdriving shaft within predetermined limits for condensing work on the onehand and non-condensing work on the other hand to vary ,the time ofopening of the auxiliary exhaust valves relatively to that of theclosing of the main exhaust; and hand operated mechanical means forthus-shifting said cams, whether the engine be in motion or at rest, toany desired point within the predetermined limits of said rotaryshifting movement, and holding them in their thusadjusted position,substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

3. In a unifiow engine ofthe character described, the combination withthe auxiliary exhaust valves, of a rotary side shaft driven from and inunison with the engine Acrank shaft; a tubular extension of said rotaryshaft, separate from but arranged on the axial prolongation of saidshaft, mounted in bearings in which it is capable of rotary movementonly, and formed with symmetrically arranged spiral channels; operatingcams, one for each auxiliary exhaust valve,rmounted on and fast to saidtubular extension; ain operating stem housed in and extending betweenand into the opposed tubular ends of said rotary shaft and tubularextension; a feather key and groove connection between the operatingstem and the rotary shaft to permit .lengthwise :novement of the stemrelatively to the shaft,

while compelling the iwo to revolve'in uniing it in its lhu's-adjusteposition, subson; projections on the stem engaging the Stantially :isund for the purposes hereinspiral channels in the tubular extension, andbefore set forli l0 hand operated mechanical means for Inov- Intestimonm.' whereof I aix my signa- 5 ing the stem lengthwise of therotary shaft ture.

and its tubular extension as desired, Whether the engine be in motion orat rest, ami h0lcl SIEGFRIED RUSENZWEIG.

